2018年7月9日 星期一

The Story of Us with Morgan Freeman — The Fight for Peace 摩根.費里曼之人類的故事:為和平而戰


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The Story of Us with Morgan Freeman — The Fight for Peace  摩根.費里曼之人類的故事:為和平而戰
by Evan Witkowski

The fight for peace brings acclaimed actor Morgan Freeman around the world in search of answers.
爭取和平之戰將備受讚揚的男演員摩根.費里曼帶往全世界以尋求答案。

  

  

  Throughout our history, human beings have had to fight for survival. Wars over resources, land, or for revenge have caused uncountable tragedies to occur. While most would hope for a peaceful world, such violence forces us to ask, what is it that drives humans to fight each other? To find out the answers to one of life's oldest questions, National Geographic's The Story of Us with Morgan Freeman—The Fight for Peace sent the show's famous host to a handful of international locations to talk to people about why they are fighting.
  Although the idea of fighting for peace seems like a contradiction, many places are searching for a way out of the cycle of violence. Among his many stops, Freeman
investigates the ritualized combat practiced by tribes in Bolivia during the Tinku Festival. Their fighting is more like a dance or boxing match than actual violence, but it is rooted in the idea of sacrifice to a higher power through the release of anger and frustration. In that way, they are able to maintain a lasting peace between communities.
  A more
complicated example of human violence highlighted by the show takes Freeman to the country of Ethiopia, where harsh survival conditions lead to conflict over food, water, and livestock. The decades of fighting between Daasanach and Nyangatom tribes in Ethiopia is reinforced from generation to generation because it is seen as the only way to protect families and community standards that are threatened by bloodthirsty revenge. Deadly rivalries are common, and warriors are honored members of the tribe. How could this kind of lifestyle be pacified? Explore the possibilities and watch The Story of Us with Morgan Freeman—The Fight for Peace on National Geographic to find out.

 

contradiction n. 矛盾
: a contradiction between A and B  A 和 B 之間的矛盾
ritualized a. 儀式的
a higher power  更高等的(超自然)力量
community n. 群體;社區
livestock n. 家畜(集合名詞,不可數)
reinforce vt. 加強,強化
: reinforcement n. 援軍,增援部隊(恆用複數);加強(不可數)
bloodthirsty a. 嗜血的;殘忍的
rivalry n. 競爭,對抗
pacify vt. 使平靜;平息;安撫

1. in search of...  尋找……
: search for...
Sarah roamed around the neighborhood in search of her lost puppy.
莎拉在社區附近到處尋找她走失的小狗。
*roam vi. 閒逛,漫遊

2. force sb to V  迫使/強迫某人(做)……
Don't force me to do anything I don't want to do.
不要強迫我做任何我不想做的事。

3. a handful of...  少數……;一把……
handful n. 少數,少量;一把
This job doesn't require many people; a handful of workers could handle it.
這份工作不需要很多人做,幾個工人就可以搞定。
A handful of soil is all one needs to properly grow this type of plant.
只要一把泥土就可以把這種植物養得很好。

4. be rooted in...  根植於/源自於……
That city's traffic problems are rooted in poor planning and overpopulation.
那座城市的交通問題源自於規劃不當和人口過多。
*overpopulation n. 人口過剩

1. acclaimed a. 受到讚揚的
: acclaim vt. 稱讚
Andy's latest album was an acclaimed masterpiece.
安迪的最新專輯被譽為傑作。
The writer's work has been acclaimed as the best of its genre.
那名作家的作品被譽為該類型中的翹楚。
*genre n.(文學、音樂等的)類型

2. revenge n. 報仇
: take revenge on sb  對某人報仇
Jim decided to take revenge on the person who insulted him.
吉姆決定要報復那個侮辱他的人。

3. tragedy n. 悲劇;災難

4. violence n. 暴力
: violent a. 暴力的
Nowadays, children are exposed to too much TV violence.
現今的孩子接觸過多的電視暴力。
When Kent gets drunk, he becomes violent.
肯特喝醉時,就會變得很暴力。

5. investigate vt. 研究;調查
: look into...
The criminal case is being investigated by a famous detective.
這個刑事案件正由一位著名探員偵辦中。
*detective n. 警探,刑警

6. combat n. 格鬥,鬥爭 & vt. 抵抗;與……戰鬥
The leaders of the two countries were exhausted after eight years of fierce combat.
經過八年的激戰,兩國的領導者都心力交瘁。
*exhausted a. 精疲力竭的,疲憊不堪的
The government took effective measures to combat crimes in the city.
政府採取有效措施打擊城市的犯罪。
*measure n. 措施,辦法

7. practice vt. 實行,奉行 & n. 實踐;慣例
: in practice  實際上
= in reality
Everyone should practice their right to vote.
每個人都應該要行使他們的投票權。
Your idea sounds good in theory, but I doubt it will work in practice.
理論上你的點子聽起來很不錯,但我懷疑實際是否可行。

8. sacrifice n. & vt. 犧牲
: at the sacrifice of...  犧牲……
Jasmine became a mother at the sacrifice of her career.
潔思敏當了媽媽,卻犧牲了事業。
The bodyguard sacrificed his life to save the president.
那名貼身侍衛為了保護總統而犧牲性命。

9. frustration n. 挫敗,沮喪
Unhappy children often act out their frustrations in the classroom.
不快樂的小孩常會在課堂上表現出挫折感。

10. complicated a. 複雜的
Sally solved the complicated math problem with ease.
莎莉輕鬆地解出這道複雜的數學題。

11. highlight vt. 使凸顯,強調 & n. 最精彩之處
The test results highlighted the students' strengths and weaknesses.
這項測驗凸顯了學生的強項和弱點。
The highlight of the game was when Sam hit a homerun.
這場比賽最精彩的部分就是山姆打出全壘打的時候。

12. harsh a. 嚴酷的,惡劣的
No matter how harsh life gets, I never give up hope.
無論生活會有多艱難,我都不會放棄希望。

13. conflict n. 衝突;牴觸

14. threaten vt. 威脅,危害
Staying up late will threaten your health.
熬夜會危害你的健康。

 

摩根.費里曼之人類的故事:為和平而戰
爭取和平之戰將備受讚揚的男演員摩根.費里曼帶往全世界以尋求答案。

  

  縱觀我們的歷史,人類不得不為生存而戰。為資源、土地或是復仇而發起的戰爭已造成無數的悲劇發生。當大多數人都希望擁有一個和平的世界時,這樣的暴力讓人不禁要問:是什麼促使人們相互鬥爭?為了找到這個生命中最古老問題之一的答案,國家地理的《摩根.費里曼之人類的故事:為和平而戰》將該節目的名主持人派往世界上的少數地點,與人們談談他們為什麼要戰鬥。
  儘管為和平而戰的想法似乎很矛盾,許多地方仍正尋求擺脫暴力循環的方法。在費里曼造訪的許多地方當中,他考察了玻利維亞部落間在亭庫節(格鬥節)期間實行的格鬥儀式。他們的格鬥更像是舞蹈或拳擊比賽而非實際的暴力,但它根源於藉由釋放憤怒和挫敗來為神祇犧牲的理念。如此一來,他們就能夠維持群體間的長久和平。
  該節目也凸顯另一個更為複雜的人類暴力的案例,這將費里曼帶往衣索比亞,那裡嚴酷的生存條件導致爭奪食物、水及牲畜的衝突。衣索比亞達薩納奇和乃加湯部落間數十年的鬥爭一代比一代更為劇烈,因為這種鬥爭被視為保護受到嗜血復仇威脅的家族和群體地位的唯一途徑。致命的鬥爭司空見慣,勇士則是部落裡的榮譽成員。這樣子的生活方式如何能平靜下來?探尋其可能性並收看國家地理《摩根.費里曼之人類的故事:為和平而戰》來找出答案

 
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