2018年7月19日 星期四

In Politics, a Pantsuit Isn’t Required 女性參政 不必再穿褲裝


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2018/07/20 第224期 訂閱/退訂看歷史報份
 
 
紐時周報精選 Temperatures and Tensions Rise as India's Water Supply Runs Low 印度缺水 緊張氣氛隨氣溫升高
In Politics, a Pantsuit Isn't Required 女性參政 不必再穿褲裝
紐時周報精選
 
Temperatures and Tensions Rise as India's Water Supply Runs Low 印度缺水 緊張氣氛隨氣溫升高
文/Maria Abi-Habib and Hari Kum
譯/陳韋廷

The people of Shimla haven't agreed on much lately. A drought in the Himalayan resort has had residents blaming farmers, the tourism industry and one another for depleting the strained water supplies.

西姆拉市居民最近共識實在不多。這個喜馬拉雅山區度假勝地出現旱情,以致居民因為吃緊的供水逐漸耗盡而怪罪農民、怪罪觀光業,也彼此怪罪。

And everyone's been angry at the key men.

而所有人都對供水閥門鑰匙管理人感到憤怒。

Shimla's decrepit network of water pipes, built under British colonial rule more than 70 years ago, depends on the civil servants known as key men to open and close the valves that supply each neighborhood. The current shortage, which in May left some homes without water for 20 days, has led to such fury toward the key men — accused, in just about every neighborhood, of depriving it of its fair share — that a court ordered police protection for them.

西姆拉市破舊的水管網路建於70多年前的英國殖民統治時期,仰賴被稱為鑰匙管理人的公僕開關閥門來為每個社區供水。當前的缺水導致一些家庭在五月份連續20天停水,這引起人們對鑰匙管理人的高度憤怒,幾乎每個社區都指控鑰匙管理人剝奪了自己應得的份額,弄到法院必須命令警方保護他們。

"I was getting angry phone calls calling me everything — stupid, worthless — at one or two in the morning," said Inder Singh, 44, who has been a key man for 24 years. "I would be mobbed by dozens as I was trying to leave my home for work," he said, inserting his key — a meter-long metal contraption — into the ground to open a valve.

現年44歲、做了24年鑰匙管理人的英德·辛哈說:「凌晨一兩點,我接到憤怒的電話用各種詞彙對我破口大罵,像是蠢蛋、廢物。」。這時他把一公尺長的金屬製特別鑰匙插入地面打開閥門,接著他說:「我出門上班時,會被幾十個人團團圍住。」

Tourism is the mainstay of the economy in this mountain city, which British colonial authorities made their summer capital so they could escape the brutal heat of New Delhi. But the drought — accompanied by unusually high temperatures, above 90 degrees Fahrenheit — has been so severe that in May, some residents took to Twitter to ask tourists to stay away and leave the water for local residents. Many in Shimla call it the worst shortage they can remember.

觀光業是這個山城的經濟支柱,而英國殖民當局曾把此城當作夏都,以逃離新德里的酷暑,但由於伴隨著華氏90度(約攝氏32度)以上異常高溫的旱情太過嚴重,部分居民五月間就推文要求遊客別來此處,把水留給當地居民使用。西姆拉許多人表示這是他們記憶中最嚴重的水荒。

As much as 30 percent of the city's hotel bookings have been canceled since last month because of concerns about the water supply, said Sanjay Sood, president of northern India's hotel and restaurant association. Some of those reservations were canceled by tourists, others by the hotels themselves.

北印度餐旅協會會長桑傑·蘇德表示,自上月以來,該市多達30%的飯店訂房因供水疑慮而取消,部分是遊客方取消,其餘則為飯店主動取消。

Water tankers have been lined up at hotels along Shimla's windy mountain roads. A slogan on one of them read, "If there is water, there is a tomorrow."

沿著西姆拉多風的山路,各飯店門前水槽車一部接著一部,其中一部上的標語寫著:「有水就有明天。」

A government report said that India was experiencing the worst water crisis in its history, threatening millions of lives and livelihoods. Some 600 million Indians, about half the population, face high to extreme water scarcity conditions, with about 200,000 dying every year from inadequate access to safe water, according to the report. By 2030, it said, the country's demand for water is likely to be twice the available supply.

政府公布的一份報告指出,印度正經歷史上最嚴重的缺水危機,威脅到數百萬人的生命與生計。報告中指出,六億左右印度人(約占總人口一半)面臨高度至及極度缺水情況,每年約有20萬人因缺乏足夠的安全用水而死亡。報告中還說,到2030年,全國對水的需求量恐為供給量的兩倍。

In Shimla, rising annual temperatures and dwindling rain and snowfall — the city's main water sources — have been major factors in the crisis.

在西姆拉,氣溫逐年上升以及作為主要水源的雨雪量不斷減少,是導致此次危機的主要原因。

"There's global warming all over India, and Shimla is no exception," said Vineet Chawdhry, chief secretary of the state of Himachal Pradesh, whose capital is Shimla.

喜馬偕爾省首席秘書維尼特.喬杜里說:「全球暖化現象在全印度都看得到,西姆拉也不例外」。西姆拉為該省首府。

※說文解字看新聞

全球暖化除導致極端天氣發生頻率增加,還加快地表水循環的速度,下雨或是降雪都有所減少,連帶使得乾旱頻率與時間都增加,而位於喜馬拉雅山下的度假勝地西姆拉成為繼南非開普敦後,全球最新一個陷入無水可用的城市,且情況嚴重到衝擊主要經濟支柱的觀光業,因遊客進入將加速耗盡珍貴的水資源。

deplete指的是「使減少、弄空、耗盡」的意思,由代表「減少、去除」的字首de-跟具有「使填滿」之意的字根plete組合而成,類似組合單字還有impletion(充滿),replete(充分供應的),而俚語one's fair share則意指「平分、應得的一份」。

而受嚴重乾旱威脅,西姆拉民眾只能靠water tanker運水度日,tanker通常指水槽車、油罐車或油輪,在英文中的類似用法還有(milk tanker)乳槽車以及chemical tanker(化學品船)。至於tanker aircraft則是天上飛的油罐車,意即空中加油飛機。

 
In Politics, a Pantsuit Isn't Required 女性參政 不必再穿褲裝
文/Vanessa Friedman
翻譯/王麗娟

NEW HAVEN, Conn. — A few months ago, when Rachel Roberts, a 44-year-old owner of yoga studios in Newport, Kentucky, decided to run for state Senate as a Democrat, her newly hired campaign manager sent her a packet of photographs of successful women and suggested she pick one and model her campaign look accordingly·

數個月前,肯塔基州新港市一個瑜伽教室的44歲老闆芮秋.羅伯茲決定以民主黨員身分競選州參議員時,她新聘的競選總幹事寄給她一袋成功女性的照片,建議她挑選一個作為打造競選裝扮的模範。

"There was Nancy Pelosi and Sheryl Sandberg," Roberts remembered, rolling her eyes. The problem: "That's not who I am. I spent the last seven years in Lululemon."

翻了個白眼,羅伯茲回憶說:「有南希.裴洛西,雪柔.桑柏格。」問題是:「那不是我。過去7年,我一直在露露檸檬瑜伽教室工作。」

At a time of smartphones and instant imagery, when unprecedented numbers of women are running for office and often placing their gender at the center of their campaigns, it is impossible to ignore the role image can play in positioning. After all, if you are going to be the change, don't you have to look the change?

身處智慧手機和即時圖像的時代,當競選公職的女性人數空前之多,往往還以性別主打選戰時,形象在自我定位時成為不容忽視的一件事。畢竟,若你想成為變革者,難道不需要看來像個變革者嗎?

Last month 80 women, including Roberts, came to Yale University here to attend the 2018 Women's Campaign School and, among other things, try to answer that question.

上個月,包括羅伯茲在內的80位女性來到此間的耶魯大學,在2018年婦女競選學校上課,此外,還試著回答上述的問題。

An intensive five-day course, hosted although not administered by the Yale Law School, it helps prepare women to run for office, get ready to help others run for office and establish political networks. The course includes seminars in how to do a stump speech, budget for media and direct mail, raise funds, determine voter turnout — and decide how to deal with the pantsuit. Or, as one two-hour session was titled, Dress to Win.

這是個密集的5天課程,由耶魯大學法學院主辦但不負責管理,它可協助女性為競選公職預作準備,或為協助其他女性競選公職作好準備,以及建立競選網絡。這些課程涵蓋多項研討會,包括如何發表政治演說、編列媒體和直接郵件預算、募款、研判選民投票率,以及決定如何處理褲裝這項問題。或者,就和一個2小時研討會的主題一樣,決定該如何「穿出致勝戰袍」。

But what, exactly, does that mean?

不過,這句話到底是什麼意思?

It is a complicated question in a world in which for a long time the unspoken presumption was that the best approach was a man's suit in a different color, and one in which women have long chafed against being judged on appearance. Indeed, many women resent that it is asked at all.

這是一個複雜的問題,這個世界已有很長時間,存在一個不言而喻的推斷,最保險的方法是穿著不同顏色的男士西裝,而女性對外表取人這件事長期以來始終不滿。其實,許多女性光是被問起就會心生反感。

"The reaction is always mixed," said Karen Petel, referring to the style session. Petel is the founder of a namesake political consultancy, the former political director of the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee and a board member of the campaign school.

凱倫.佩脫說:「反應始終不一。」她指的是穿著風格的研討會。佩脫是一家同名政治顧問公司的創辦人,前民主黨國會競選委員會的政治主任,也是耶魯競選學校董事會的董事。

"There's no doubt how you present yourself matters, but we have so little time and there is so much to cover," said Shannon Lynch, a 26-year-old producer of a political talk show on Sirius XM in Washington who was at the campaign school to test her own appetite for office. "Do we really have to spend two hours on this?"

華盛頓天狼星衛星廣播公司政治談話節目的26歲製作人夏儂.林區說:「毫無疑問,如何呈現自己十分重要,但我們時間極短,又有太多東西必須涵蓋。」她到競選學校上課,測試一下自己對競選公職的胃口。「我們真的需要在這上面花兩個小時嗎?」

Patricia Russo, the executive director of the Women's Campaign School, said the answer is increasingly yes. "It's not fair, but this is the reality," she said.

婦女競選學校執行董事派翠西亞.拉索說,答案愈來愈偏向肯定。她說:「這並不公平,卻是現實。」

 
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