2016年8月25日 星期四

A Rookie Film Director's Vision: Salinger, Before Literary Fame/菜鳥導演的野望:拍攝《麥田捕手》作者成名前的故事


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2016/08/26 第137期 訂閱/退訂看歷史報份
 
 
紐時周報精選 A Rookie Film Director's Vision: Salinger, Before Literary Fame/菜鳥導演的野望:拍攝《麥田捕手》作者成名前的故事
Technologists Take On Urban Smog/「除霾塔」會是中國空污的救星嗎?
紐時周報精選
 
A Rookie Film Director's Vision: Salinger, Before Literary Fame/菜鳥導演的野望:拍攝《麥田捕手》作者成名前的故事
文/Cara Buckley
譯/王麗娟

At the corner of Jersey and Crosby Streets in SoHo, during one of those New York City days when it suddenly feels way too hot, the sun was blazing down and a tang of urine wafted up.

Traffic had been halted, passers-by were hoisting selfie sticks, and, huddled in a building's shadow, a film crew was taking in a scene from a different time.

在蘇活區澤西街和克羅斯比街交口的角落,在紐約市突然覺得熱不可當的日子之一,日頭赤炎炎照著,還有一股撲鼻的尿騷味。

交通停擺,行人舉著自拍桿,擠在一棟建築物的陰影中,一個電影攝製小組正在拍攝一個另一年代的場景。

Women in pencil skirts and pin curls and men with high-waisted pants and fedoras walked the street, passing an old-fashioned phone booth where a young man — dashing, tall and Brylcreemed — was hollering down the line.

"I thought about it, and I ain't going to change a word," the young man thundered into the receiver. "Holden would never approve."

婦女穿著緊身窄裙、頂著捲髮,男士們穿著高腰褲、戴著軟呢帽走在街上,經過一座老式電話亭,有個抹了髮油,帥氣高挑的年輕男子正對著話筒咆哮。

年輕人怒氣沖沖朝話筒說:「我想過了,我一個字也不會改。荷頓絕不會同意。」

Behind the camera, Danny Strong, the semi-successful television actor ("Buffy the Vampire Slayer," "Gilmore Girls,"), celebrated writer ("Empire") and now first-time movie director, nodded.

"That was awesome," Strong told the actor, the film's star, Nicholas Hoult, who was playing the writer J.D. Salinger — the man who gave the world Holden Caulfield and almost certainly would have never approved of this project himself.

攝影機的後方,丹尼史莊點了點頭。他是個半成功的電視演員(《吸血鬼剋星》和《奇異果女孩》),也是著名作家(《帝國》),如今首次執導演筒。

史莊告訴演員,也是電影主角,飾演作家J.D. 沙林傑的尼可拉斯霍特說:「演得太棒了。」沙林傑是將荷頓.柯菲爾帶給全世界的作者,且幾可肯定他本人絕對不會同意這項計畫。

Based on "J.D. Salinger: A Life" (2010), by Kenneth Slawenski, the film, "Rebel in the Rye," which was recently shot in and around New York, focuses largely on Salinger's early years leading up to the publication of "The Catcher in the Rye." The film follows Salinger as he struggles at school; woos Eugene O'Neill's daughter, Oona; is cuckolded by Charlie Chaplin; and is nearly psychically shattered after he fights in some of the bloodiest battles of World War II — all the while carrying early chapters of "Catcher" with him.

Strong had been yearning to direct a movie for years, ever since he spent a week with Jay Roach on the set of "Recount," the 2008 HBO film Strong wrote about the 2000 presidential election.

以肯尼斯.史拉文斯基所著傳記《J.D. 沙林傑:他的一生》(2010年)為腳本,電影《麥田裡的叛逆者》(暫譯),最近在紐約市內與市外開拍,大抵聚焦沙林傑出版《麥田捕手》前的早年生活。電影記錄沙林傑不順遂的求學生涯;追求美國劇作家尤金.歐尼爾女兒烏娜的經過;被查理.卓別林戴綠帽子;他參與二戰最血腥的數場戰役後,幾乎心理崩潰等,而他一直把《麥田捕手》的前幾章帶在身旁。

2008年和導演傑.洛奇在2008年的HBO電影《鹿死誰手》片場度過一周後,多年來,史莊始終渴望能導戲,此片劇本出自史莊之手,描述2000年美國總統大選。

Now 42, Strong began his Hollywood career acting and turned to writing in his mid-20s to take his mind off the grind of auditions.

"It became this kind of therapy," he recalled, chatting between takes on a dusty storefront stoop on Crosby Street.

史莊現年42,他的好萊塢事業從演戲開始,廿五歲左右改當作家,不讓心理再受試鏡折磨。

他回憶說 :「它成了某種治療。」 史莊在克羅斯比街一個塵土飛揚的店門口邊拍戲邊聊著。

Casting about for the ideal story to direct, Strong happened upon Slawenski's book, which drew heavily from Salinger's personal letters. Strong optioned the book and wrote the script.

Taking on such a hallowed figure as Salinger, who died in 2010, did not feel particularly daunting, Strong said, even though Salinger's estate is known for being litigious.

在尋找理想的故事執導時,史莊巧遇史拉文斯基的著作,該書內容大量取材自沙林傑的個人書信。史莊挑中此書,並完成編劇。

沙林傑於2010年去世,史莊說,拍攝像沙林傑這般受到推崇的人物,並不特別令人感到畏懼,儘管沙林傑的遺產管理委員會可是出了名的愛打官司。

說文解字看新聞 文/王麗娟

神秘又個性孤僻的美國文壇巨擘沙林傑,是經典小說《麥田捕手》(The Catcher in the Rye)的作者。書中主人翁荷頓.柯菲爾是個17歲、滿嘴髒話、菸酒、蹺家樣樣來的青少年,對成人的虛偽世界滿腔不滿。

全書以青少年的語彙敘述,故事一開始,荷頓因數門功課不及格面臨退學命運,擔心父親光火,決定流浪幾天暫避風頭,這也是沙林傑自身的求學經過。

書中,荷頓荷最常被周遭的人問到的是:「你到底什麼時候長大 ?」這句話引起相當大的共鳴。《麥田捕手》雖是20世紀百大小說之一,卻也是許多學校的禁書。

文章特別提及若沙林傑仍在世,說不定會反對史莊拍攝與他早年相關的電影。

沙林傑本人非常反對將作品拍成電影,對維持原著的原汁原味與尊重作者的原有文字異常堅持,任何的增刪,哪怕只是一個標點符號也令他難以接受。

文章特別摘錄了電影台詞「Holden would never approve.」(荷登永遠不會同意)這句話,因為這是沙林傑每回拒絕更改原著內容時會搬出的「台詞」。

沙林傑晚年還特別設立一個基金會,防止《麥田捕手》被翻拍成電影。

文章的標題以rookie film director(新人導演)形容史莊,rookie意為新人,新秀,有時也作菜鳥解釋,冀望新人不會導出爛戲,以免沙林傑地下有知死不瞑目。

 
Technologists Take On Urban Smog/「除霾塔」會是中國空污的救星嗎?
文/Braden Phillips
譯/陳韋廷

Rather than the screens, sensors, microchips and Big Data typically employed by Smart City designers, Daan Roosegaarde works with a more fanciful tool kit: smog-eating machines, light-emitting plankton and solar-sensitive paint.

"When we talk about innovation today, it's screen-based, but Smart City is not about another app or microchip," said Roosegaarde, whose design firm, Studio Roosegaarde, is based in Rotterdam in the Netherlands. "Big Data is important, but things can go wrong if we only focus on technology and forget to connect with people and to connect people with their environment."

一般智慧城市設計師用的是螢幕、感應器、微晶片與大數據,達恩.魯塞加德用的卻是更新奇的一套工具:食霧霾機、發光浮游生物,以及陽光敏化油漆。

魯塞加德說:「當我們談到今日的創新時,多以螢幕為基礎,但智慧城市卻跟另一個應用程式或是微晶片無關。大數據雖然重要,但是如果我們只關注科技,卻忘了與人連結,以及將人們和他們的環境連結,可能就會出差錯。」他的設計公司魯塞加德工作室總部設在荷蘭的鹿特丹。

It is that sort of philosophy that led Roosegaarde and his partners to create the Smog Free Tower, the world's first outdoor air cleaner. Just 23 feet tall, it looks like a miniature chrome-latticed skyscraper. But inside, a powerful vacuum uses ionization technology to suck up smog, filter out the dangerous particles and release purified air. Roosegaarde contends that in 36 hours it can eliminate 70 to 80 percent of the impurities in the air from an area the size of a football stadium.

The tower was co-designed by Roosegaarde and various experts, then tested in Rotterdam. But now it is about to take on a much bigger challenge: China's Ministry of Environmental Protection recently commissioned Roosegaarde to temporarily install the tower at a public location in Beijing in September to see how well it performs in the catastrophically smoggy air that is choking China's largest cities. It will then go on a sort of smog-fighting tour, with related educational events, to four other Chinese cities over the next year.

正是在這種理念引導下,魯塞加德先生跟他的合作夥伴創造出世界上首個戶外空氣清淨機--除霾塔。只有23呎高的除霾塔看起來像個迷你版鉻合金框架摩天大樓,但內部是個功能強大的真空吸塵器,利用電離技術吸取霧霾,並濾除危險粒子,釋放淨化過的空氣。魯塞加德聲稱,除霾塔可在36個小時之內,將一個足球場大小區域內空氣中的雜質清除70%至80%。

這座除霾塔由魯塞加德與多位專家共同設計,之後在鹿特丹進行了測試,但如今它即將接受一項更大的挑戰:中國環保部最近委託魯塞加德9月在北京的一個公共場所暫時性安裝除霾塔,看看它在淨化令中國一些最大城市窒息的災難性霧霾方面表現如何。然後,它在未來一年裡將去到中國另四座城市,繼續進行抗霾之旅,並舉辦相關教育活動。

Neither the Chinese nor Roosegaarde are under the illusion that the tower will make any real difference in China's overall air quality.

Liu Guozheng, deputy director of the China Forum of Environmental Journalists, a part of the environment ministry, said the Chinese would have to undertake a much more ambitious effort to get at the roots of smog. "However, the role of the Smog Free Tower as a warning sign is still very significant," he said. "It is a reminder of our mission and responsibility to fight against smog issues."

Ma Jun, an environmental activist in Beijing, echoed that view, calling the Smog Free Tower project a form of "performance art" aimed at raising awareness about air pollution.But Roosegaarde considers it a first step.

中國和魯塞加德都沒有心存幻想,期待這座除霾塔對中國整體空氣品質起到實質作用。

環保部旗下的環境新聞工作者協會副主席劉國正表示,中國必須以遠比這個更具雄心的努力來對付霧霾問題的根源。他說:「不過,除霾塔作為警告標誌的角色仍深具意義。它提醒了我們對抗霧霾問題的任務與責任。」

北京環保活動人士馬軍呼應此一觀點,把除霾塔計畫稱為旨在提高空氣汙染意識的一種「行為藝術」。不過,魯塞加德認為這是跨出了第一步。

 
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