2018年9月10日 星期一

Volcano Surfing: When Water Is Not Enough 火山衝浪 你敢玩嗎?


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Volcano Surfing: When Water Is Not Enough  火山衝浪 你敢玩嗎?
by Daniel Howard

A little-known extreme sport is giving thrill-seekers something new to try.
一項較鮮為人知的極限運動讓尋求刺激的人可以嘗鮮。

    

  Volcano surfing is a relatively new—and unknown—extreme sport. However, there’s a good reason for it to be __1__ popular: it can only happen on the side of an active volcano. For someone who has tried everything else, it can be one of the last thrills left.
  The idea behind volcano surfing is quite simple. Riders hike to the top of the volcano—or at least to a safe spot part way up the mountain. Then, they ride a metal or wood board down the side. It is very similar to sledding, __2__ the board is sliding across ash and gravel instead of snow. Besides choking dust and sharp stones, volcano surfers must also be careful of flowing lava and even possible eruptions. Therefore, riders wear safety gear, including goggles, pads, and __3__ clothing.
  The original location for volcano surfing is Cerro Negro in Nicaragua. A nearby hostel __4__ guests on the 45-minute hike that brings surfers to the top of the slope. From there, they will get to ride specially made sleds nearly 500 meters to the bottom, __5__ speeds of over 50 kilometers per hour.
  __6__, Cerro Negro hasn’t had a major eruption since 1999. For those seeking added __7__, there is also Mount Yasur in Vanuatu, which erupts every day. This combines the dangers of molten lava and poisonous gases with the ride down the side of the volcano. For many extreme athletes, this is the real version of volcano surfing, but it’s probably outside the comfort zone of most tourists.
1. (A) indeed  (B) less  (C) more  (D) enough
2. (A) so that  (B) in that  (C) now that  (D) except that
3. (A) appropriate  (B) nutritional  (C) electronic  (D) vulnerable
4. (A) pays  (B) costs  (C) spends  (D) takes
5. (A) reach  (B) reached  (C) reaching  (D) to reach
6. (A) Instantly  (B) Luckily  (C) Fatally  (D) Suddenly
7. (A) excitement  (B) commitment  (C) investment  (D) resentment

 

1. However, there’s a good reason for it to be less popular: it can only happen on the side of an active volcano.
然而,有個充分理由可以說明它較不普及的原因:該運動只能在活火山的一側進行。

理由:
a. (A) indeed adv. 確實,真正地
This magazine is indeed the best one in Taiwan.
這本雜誌確實是臺灣最棒的。
(B) less adv. 較少;較小
Lydia decided to buy that red jacket because it’s less expensive.
莉蒂亞決定買那件紅夾克,因為它比較便宜。
(C) more adv. 更加,較為
Our apartment is more beautiful than Sally’s.
我們的公寓比莎莉的還漂亮。
(D) enough adv. 足夠地(置於欲修飾的形容詞、副詞或動詞之後)
This rope isn’t long enough.
這條繩子不夠長。
b. 根據語意,(B) 項應為正選。

2. It is very similar to sledding, except that the board is sliding across ash and gravel instead of snow.
它與滑雪橇非常類似,只不過這個板子滑過的是火山灰和碎石而不是雪。

理由:
a. (A) so that + S + V  如此……,以便……
: in order that + S + V
We should leave now so that we won’t miss the first part of the movie.
我們現在該走了,才不會錯過電影的開頭。
(B) in that + S + V  因為……
The novelist is particularly talented in that she understands human emotions better than anyone else.
那名小說家才華洋溢,因為她比其他人更了解人的情感。
(C) now that + S + V  既然/現在……
注意 now that 為副詞連接詞,因受 now 之影響,此副詞子句中的時態須為現在式或現在完成式。
Now that you’ve graduated, you should make an effort to find a job.
既然你已畢業,就該努力找工作。
*make an effort to V  努力……
(D) except that + S + V  只不過……;除了……以外
My new computer is just like my old one except that it has more memory.
我的新電腦和舊的那部很像,只不過記憶體容量較大。
b. 根據語意,(D) 項應為正選。

3. Therefore, riders wear safety gear, including goggles, pads, and appropriate clothing.
因此,衝浪者要穿戴安全裝備,包括護目鏡、護墊和適當的服裝。

理由:
a. (A) appropriate a. 適當的,合適的
: be appropriate for...  適合……
Jeans are obviously not appropriate for such formal occasions.
這些正式的場合顯然不適合穿著牛仔褲。
(B) nutritional a. 營養的
Nutritional information must be labeled on milk cartons.
牛奶盒上必須標明營養成分。
*label vt. 貼標籤;把……稱為
(C) electronic a. 電子的
: electric a. 電的;電動的
Is your electronic watch waterproof?
你的電子錶防水嗎?
*waterproof a. 防水的
Life wouldn’t be so comfortable without such electric appliances as refrigerators and TV sets.
若沒有電視和電冰箱等電器,生活就不會那麼舒適了。
*appliance n. 家用電器
(D) vulnerable a. 易受傷的;脆弱的
: be vulnerable to...  易受……的攻擊/傷害
Since Al has a weak immune system, he is vulnerable to colds.
由於艾爾的免疫系統不好,所以容易感冒。
*immune a. 免疫的
b. 根據語意,(A) 項應為正選。

4. A nearby hostel takes guests on the 45-minute hike that brings surfers to the top of the slope.
附近的一家招待所帶著衝浪者耗費四十五分鐘、徒步健行至山坡的頂端。

理由:
a. 本題測試以下固定用法:
take sb on a hike  帶某人徒步旅行
: take sb on a tour of + 地方  帶某人參觀某地
My father took my sister and I on a hike last Sunday.
爸爸上週日帶我和妹妹去遠足。
The guide took us on a tour of the ancient city.
那位導遊帶我們參觀這座古城。
b. 根據上述用法,(D) 項應為正選。

5. From there, they will get to ride specially made sleds nearly 500 meters to the bottom, reaching speeds of over 50 kilometers per hour.
從那裡,他們將乘坐特製的滑板滑行近五百公尺到山下,時速達五十公里以上。

理由:
a. 空格前省略了 which,原句實為:
“From there, they will get to ride specially made sleds nearly 500 meters to the bottom, which will reach speeds of...”
b. 形容詞子句中,若關係代名詞為主詞時,該子句可化簡為分詞片語,化簡原則如下:
1) 刪除關係代名詞;
2) 之後的動詞變成現在分詞;
3) 若動詞為 be 動詞,變成現在分詞 being 後可省略。
Who is the woman (who is) standing there?
站在那裡的女子是誰?
c. 根據上述,(C) 項應為正選。

6. Luckily, Cerro Negro hasn’t had a major eruption since 1999.
幸運的是,塞羅內格羅火山自 1999 年就沒有大規模的爆發。

理由:
a. (A) instantly adv. 立即,馬上
Whenever I am in trouble, my best friend instantly comes to my aid.
每當我有麻煩,我最要好的朋友總是立刻來幫我。
*come to sb’s aid  前來幫助某人
(B) luckily adv. 幸運地
: fortunately adv.
Luckily, Alan found the money he’d lost.
很幸運地,艾倫找到了他遺失的錢。
(C) fatally adv. 致命地
Benny was fatally wounded in a car accident.
班尼在一場車禍中傷重不治。
*wounded a. 受傷的
(D) suddenly adv. 突然地
: all of a sudden
Suddenly, I heard a loud noise outside the window.
突然間,我聽到窗外傳來一聲巨響。
b. 根據語意,(B) 項應為正選。

7. For those seeking added excitement, there is also Mount Yasur in Vanuatu, which erupts every day.
對於那些尋求更多刺激感的人來說,還有一座位於萬那杜、每天都會爆發的伊蘇爾火山。

a. (A) excitement n. 刺激,興奮
On Friday afternoons, there is usually a feeling of excitement in the air at the office.
每逢星期五下午,辦公室的空氣中通常瀰漫著一股興奮之情。
(B) commitment n. 承諾,保證
: make a commitment to V-ing  承諾要……
Peter made a commitment to helping the poor for the rest of his life.
彼得承諾餘生都要幫助窮人。
(C) investment n. 投資
As the result of a bad investment, Mr. Chu went bankrupt.
由於投資失利,所以朱先生破產了。
*bankrupt a. 破產的
(D) resentment n. 憤恨,憎惡
: have resentment towards sb/sth  怨恨某人/某事
resentful a. 怨恨的,憎惡的
be resentful of...  憎恨……
Many people have resentment towards the new policy.
許多人對新政策感到不滿。
Susan was resentful of her sister’s popularity.
蘇珊對妹妹的好人緣心懷怨恨。
b. 根據語意,(A) 項應為正選。

gravel n. 碎石
lava n. 岩漿,熔岩
goggles n. 護目鏡(恆用複數)
pad n.(襯/護)墊
hostel n. 招待所;(便宜的)旅舍;青年旅舍
: a youth hostel  青年旅舍
molten a. 熔化的

1. volcano n. 火山
: an active volcano  活火山
  a dormant volcano  休火山
  an extinct volcano  死火山
This small village was totally destroyed when the volcano erupted.
火山爆發時,這座小村莊全毀了。

2. surfing n. 衝浪
: go surfing  衝浪
  surf vi. 衝浪 & vt. 瀏覽(網路資料)
  surf the internet  上網
My friends and I decided to go surfing this weekend.
我朋友和我決定週末一起去衝浪。
Larry likes to surf the internet in his free time.
賴瑞空閒時喜歡上網。

3. thrill n. 刺激,興奮 & vt. 使興奮
Arnold gets a thrill by driving quickly.
阿諾藉著開快車來得到刺激感。
It thrills me to know that my girlfriend is coming to see me tonight.
得知女友今晚要來看我時,我興奮不已。

4. sled vi. 滑雪橇 & n. 雪橇(美式用法)(本文為動名詞用法)
: sledge vi. 滑雪橇 & n. 雪橇(英式用法)

5. ash n. 灰燼

6. choke vi. 窒息;噎住(本文為現在分詞作形容詞用)
: choke to death  窒息而死
  choke on sth  被某物噎住
Fortunately, no one choked to death during the fire.
所幸,沒有人在這場火災中被濃煙嗆死。
I choked on my food because I was eating too fast.
我因為吃太快而被食物噎住了。

7. eruption n.(火山、戰爭)爆發
: a volcanic eruption  火山爆發
  erupt vi. 噴出;爆發
A sudden volcanic eruption buried thousands of people alive.
突如其來的火山爆發活埋了好幾千名民眾。
The town was evacuated before the volcano erupted.
在那座火山爆發前,鎮民就已經撤離。
*evacuate vt. 撤離,撤退

8. gear n. 裝備(不可數);齒輪(可數)

9. poisonous a. 有毒的
The factory was shut down because it was releasing poisonous gases into the air.
那間工廠因為釋放有毒氣體而被勒令停業。


instead of...  而非/取代……
: rather than...
  instead adv. 相反地,反而,卻
Instead of chicken, I’d like to have fish for dinner.
我晚餐不想吃雞肉而想吃魚。
John didn’t apologize for what he did. Instead, he made up an excuse for his mistake.
約翰沒有為自己做的事道歉。他反而為自己的過錯編了個藉口。
*apologize for sth  為某事道歉
 apologize vi. 道歉

火山衝浪 你敢玩嗎?
一項較鮮為人知的極限運動讓尋求刺激的人可以嘗鮮。

  火山衝浪是一項相對較新 ── 且不為人知 ── 的極限運動。然而,有個充分理由可以說明它較不普及的原因:該運動只能在活火山的一側進行。對於嘗試過其他極限運動的人來說,這可能是剩下的最後一種刺激之一。
  火山衝浪背後的概念相當簡單。衝浪者爬上火山頂 ── 或者至少在上山途中爬到一個安全地點。接著,他們乘坐在一個金屬板或木板上往下滑。它與滑雪橇非常類似,只不過這個板子滑過的是火山灰和碎石而不是雪。除了令人窒息的塵土與尖銳的石頭之外,火山衝浪者還必須小心流動的熔岩以及甚至可能爆發的火山。因此,衝浪者要穿戴安全裝備,包括護目鏡、護墊和適當的服裝。
  最初進行火山衝浪的地點是在尼加拉瓜的塞羅內格羅火山。附近的一家招待所帶著衝浪者耗費四十五分鐘、徒步健行至山坡的頂端。從那裡,他們將乘坐特製的滑板滑行近五百公尺到山下,時速達五十公里以上。
  幸運的是,塞羅內格羅火山自 1999 年就沒有大規模的爆發。對於那些尋求更多刺激感的人來說,還有一座位於萬那杜、每天都會爆發的伊蘇爾火山。滑下火山側的滑行結合了熔岩與有毒氣體兩個危險因素。對於許多極限運動員而言,這才是真正的火山衝浪,但它可能超出了大多數遊客的舒適圈範圍。
答案: 1. B 2. D 3. A 4. D 5. C 6. B 7. A

 
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