2020年9月7日 星期一

Can Love Survive This Election? 川普激化對立 美國擇偶先問立場


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2020/09/11 第313期 訂閱/退訂看歷史報份
 
 
紐時周報精選 Can Love Survive This Election? 川普激化對立 美國擇偶先問立場
How American Guns Are Fueling U.K. Crime 美國黑槍 推高英國犯罪率
紐時周報精選
 
Can Love Survive This Election? 川普激化對立 美國擇偶先問立場
文/Nicole Pajer
譯/李京倫、核稿/樂慧生

川普激化對立 擇偶先問立場

For many couples, fighting about politics has become more common. Since President Donald Trump's election, Ken Jewell, a New York City divorce lawyer, has had clients in his office regularly ranting about their partners' outlooks on initiatives like Black Lives Matter.

許多情侶和夫妻比以往更常為政治議題爭執。自從川普當選美國總統以來,紐約離婚律師朱爾的辦公室經常有客戶抱怨,配偶對「黑人的命也是命」等倡議的看法與自己不同。

"Before that, it never really became much of an issue because you didn't have the divisive candidate," he said. And while people aren't citing political differences as the sole reason for divorce, the topic is certainly compounding matters. "Presidential years are typically very quiet for divorces because of the uncertainty of the presidency," Jewell said. "This year, it has been beyond insane."

朱爾說:「在那之前,沒有如此引發分歧的候選人,政治觀點不同從來不是真正的問題。」政治看法歧異雖非離婚當事人舉出的唯一理由,卻的確會使關係惡化。朱爾說:「總統大選年通常是離婚淡季,因為不確定誰會當選,不過今年案件多到離譜。」

Pat Pierson, 72, a retired staffing executive in Denver, parted ways with her boyfriend of 12 years over conflicting opinions on the Trump administration. She's more liberal and he's conservative, but their views weren't an issue before Trump.

72歲的派特.皮爾森是美國科羅拉多州首府丹佛市的退休人事主管,因為對川普政府的看法相左而與交往12年的男友分手。她偏向自由派,男友則較保守,不過在川普上台前政治立場的差異從來不是問題。

Political polarization has become such an issue that Maureen Tara Nelson, the owner of New York and Florida-based MTN Matchmaking, says her clients are requesting to only be paired with people who have similar political views. "My motto in the past was 'work together and agree to disagree,' but it has gotten to the point where people hate the other political side," she said. "And if they hate them, how could they date them?"

政治立場兩極化變得如此嚴重,以致在紐約和佛州設有據點的聯誼社MTN Matchmaking的老闆莫琳.尼爾森表示,客戶要求只跟政治觀點相近者配對。她說:「過去,我的信念是『一起努力,存異求同』,但是現在情況變成大家痛恨政治主張對立的人,如果痛恨對方,又怎麼能約會呢?」

In years past, Nelson noted, singles wanted partners that were attractive, intelligent and successful. Now, finding someone politically compatible is non-negotiable.

尼爾森說,過去單身者想找富吸引力、聰明而且有成就的伴侶,如今,「政治立場相合」這個條件變得無可妥協。

Eighty-four percent of the singles using Dating.com won't even consider dating someone with opposite political views, said Maria Sullivan, a vice president at the dating website.

Dating.com副總裁瑪麗亞.蘇利文說,使用這個網站的單身者,84%甚至不考慮與政治立場相反的人約會。

And then there are those whose relatives have insisted they date within family party lines, like Christina Mullins, 42, a legal assistant in Tulsa, Oklahoma, who grew up with a strict Republican father.

還有單身者的親人堅持,約會對象政治立場須與家族相符。奧克拉荷馬州土爾沙市42歲律師助理克莉絲汀娜.莫林斯,在共和黨籍嚴父教養下長大,就是一例。

"He put a clause that I would be written out of his trust if I married a registered Democrat," she said, joking that yes, this does significantly limit her dating pool.

莫林斯說,「父親在生前信託中加了一項條款,就是如果我嫁給登記為民主黨人的選民,就喪失繼承遺產資格」,她還開玩笑說,沒錯,這的確大大侷限了她的約會對象。

These attitudes are behind a growing number of dating services dedicated to helping people on both sides of the aisle find inner-party love. DonaldDaters.com, whose slogan is, "Make America Date Again," promises, "the RIGHT person is out there." And Salvator Prano, who created LiberalHearts.com in 2002, deems his website more popular than ever.

擇偶時重視政治立場的態度,促使愈來愈多專門幫人找到相同政治立場伴侶的聯誼社出現。DonaldDaters.com的口號是「讓美國再度約會」,宣揚「合適(右派)的人就在眼前」。2002年創辦LiberalHearts.com的普拉諾則說,他的網站比先前更有人氣。

"Through 16 years of Bush and Obama, most partisans found a way to tolerate friends and family of different political persuasions," Prano said. But this time, he said, it's more about the man than the party.

普拉諾說,「小布希和歐巴馬在位的16年間,支持特定政黨的人多半能設法容忍政治立場不同的家人和朋友」,但這次,爭吵的重點與其說是政黨,不如說是川普這個人。

說文解字看新聞【李京倫】

美國總統川普激化對立,以致國人對政治立場相左者益發難以容忍,就連擇偶也要考慮政治立場是否契合。

partisan是政治新聞中常見的字,當形容詞意為黨派的、盲目推崇的,作名詞時指(通常盲目)支持某個黨派的人。partisan politics是黨派政治。partisan press是帶有黨派偏見的媒體。naked partisan是毫不掩飾的黨派支持者。non-partisan是無黨派的、不受任何黨派控制的。bipartisan則是受到兩黨派支持或包括兩個黨派的。

agree to disagree是「接受彼此意見不同」,即「願意存異(求同)」 ,通常發生在爭執各方認識到繼續衝突無濟於事時,例如2015年1月美國與古巴展開復交談判,洛杉磯時報的標題就是:As diplomatic talks begin in Havana, Cuba and U.S. agree to disagree。拉丁文片語modus vivendi意思相近,原意是「生活方式」,引申為「妥協辦法」,讓意見不同的政黨可以暫時和諧共處。

 
How American Guns Are Fueling U.K. Crime 美國黑槍 推高英國犯罪率
文/Jane Bradley
譯/李京倫、核稿/樂慧生

Josh Bains was 28 when he was killed after an argument over a drug debt of about $50 just a few miles from the English village where he grew up — with a gun that had traveled thousands of miles from America.

貝恩斯因為欠下約50美元買毒債與人起爭執後遇害,年僅28歲,遇害處離他成長的英格蘭村落只有幾哩,奪命的槍枝卻遠從數千哩外的美國而來。

His was one of a rising number of gun deaths in recent years that have British authorities worried about an expanding smuggling pipeline from the United States. The gun used to kill Bains in October 2018 — a Taurus Model 85 — is banned outright in Britain.

英國近年來像貝恩斯這樣的槍擊案死者愈來愈多,令當局對英美之間走私網日漸擴大感到憂慮。2018年10月用來殺害貝恩斯的這支金牛座M85左輪手槍,在英國完全禁用。

"I think Americans wouldn't believe that something that they produce could affect people like us," said Clare Bains, who was Bains' stepmother. "If there weren't all these guns, they wouldn't be seeping out of America all over the world."

貝恩斯的繼母克萊兒說:「美國人不會相信,他們製造的東西竟會影響到我們這樣的人。要是沒有這麼多槍,就不會流出美國,跑到世界各地。」

Gun deaths remain extremely rare in Britain, and very few people, even police officers, carry firearms. But the growing presence of U.S. weapons on the streets, which has not previously been widely reported, comes as serious violent crime, like murders and stabbings, has risen sharply.

英國死於槍擊案者極少,而且少有人攜帶槍械,包括警察,不過美國武器在英國街頭愈來愈常見,這種現象先前未獲廣泛報導,同時,謀殺和持刀傷人等嚴重暴力罪案亦遽增。

Most illegal firearms in Britain still come from Europe. But investigators seized hundreds of smuggled U.S. guns last year, a small figure by international standards, though experts say the number that police do not discover is likely to be far higher.

英國非法槍枝多數仍來自歐陸,不過去年調查人員查扣數以百計走私入境的美國槍枝,以國際標準而言算少,但專家指出未查獲的可能遠多於此。

British police have traced some of the smuggled U.S. guns back to loosely regulated gun fairs in states like Florida. Investigators have also seized U.S. weapons being smuggled on a container ship and hidden in car engines.

英國警方查出,走私的美國槍枝部分來自佛州等地管理鬆散的槍械展,調查人員還沒收了藉貨櫃船走私和藏在汽車引擎中的美國武器。

Now authorities fear that after Brexit, when borders with the European Union will be more tightly regulated, the illegal gun trade from the United States could accelerate, especially given the Trump administration's broad support for the gun industry.

現在英國當局擔心,英國脫離歐盟導致英歐邊界管制收緊之後,來自美國的私槍會大增,在川普政府力挺槍枝產業的背景下,尤其如此。

"A major Trump administration goal is to globalize the firearms trade and facilitate exports, and if you're facilitating legal exports, it's almost inevitable that there will be an illegal diversion of weapons into criminal markets in other countries," said Aaron Karp, a senior consultant for the Small Arms Survey in Geneva and a lecturer at Old Dominion University in Virginia.

瑞士日內瓦「小型武器調查」研究計畫高級顧問、美國維吉尼亞州老道明大學講師卡普說:「川普政府一大目標是,使槍枝貿易全球化並促進槍枝出口,而如果美國推動合法槍枝出口,難免會有部分非法武器流入他國的犯罪市場。」

The United States is one of the biggest legal exporters of firearms in the world, but hundreds of thousands of guns also illegally leak out of the country and fuel homicides, especially in Latin America and the Caribbean.

美國是最大合法槍枝出口國之一,卻有數以十萬計槍枝非法流出並助長殺人案,尤其在拉丁美洲和加勒比海地區。

In Britain, criminal groups primarily use knives for acts of violence. Knife crime reached a record high last year, accounting for around 2 out of every 5 killings. By comparison, only 33 people were killed with a gun.

在英國,犯罪團體主要持刀行凶,去年持刀所犯刑案創新高,約占殺人案五分之二,相較之下,只有33人死於槍擊。

But the number of illegal guns in circulation is growing. In the last year alone, gun seizures by Britain's national policing body, the National Crime Agency, more than doubled, and firearm offenses have soared by 38% since 2015.

然而,流通的非法槍枝不斷增加。單是這一年來,英國國家治安機關「國家刑事局」查扣的槍枝就比先前多出一倍以上,而且從2015年以來,槍枝犯罪激增了38%。

 
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