2019年8月8日 星期四

Who Still Calls it a ‘Glass Ceiling?’ Not the 6 Women Running for President 6女性參選美總統 誰還提玻璃天花板?


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2019/08/09 第274期 訂閱/退訂看歷史報份
 
 
紐時周報精選 Who Still Calls it a 'Glass Ceiling?' Not the 6 Women Running for President 6女性參選美總統 誰還提玻璃天花板?
Lang Lang Is Back: A Piano Superstar Grows Up 郎朗再出發 天王鋼琴家長大了
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Who Still Calls it a 'Glass Ceiling?' Not the 6 Women Running for President 6女性參選美總統 誰還提玻璃天花板?
文/Maya Salam
譯/李京倫

6女性參選美總統 誰還提玻璃天花板?

Sen. Kamala Harris is prepared to "break things."

美國加州聯邦參議員賀錦麗準備「突破現狀」。

Sen. Elizabeth Warren said she would "persist."

麻州聯邦參議員伊麗莎白.華倫說,她會「堅持不懈」。

Sen. Amy Klobuchar has challenged voters to discount women "at your own peril," while Rep. Tulsi Gabbard insisted that a presidential race with six women is not an anomaly but "what an election should look like."

明尼蘇達州聯邦參議員艾美.克羅布查告訴選民,小看女人「後果自負」,夏威夷州聯邦眾議員圖西.加巴德則堅稱,六名女性參選美國總統不是特例,而是「一場選舉該有的樣子」。

The women running for president are promising many things as they make their pitches to voters. They are being asked repeatedly how being women may affect their chances. But so far, none of them are emphasizing the "glass ceiling."

這些參選總統的女性在竭力爭取選民支持時,承諾了許多事。她們一再被問到,身為女人會如何降低自己的當選機會,不過到現在為止,她們之中沒有人強調「玻璃天花板」。

In politics, the phrase became associated with the aspirations of Hillary Clinton, who spoke at key moments of success and defeat about cracking the glass ceiling. But in this barrier-breaking field of female candidates, it is noticeably absent.

在政治上,「玻璃天花板」一詞變得跟希拉蕊.柯林頓的抱負有關,她在成功與失敗的重要時刻,都曾談過打破玻璃天花板。倒是在這女性總統參選人多到突破傳統的戰場中,這個詞顯然乏人提及。

"Words have their moments, especially colloquialisms," said linguist Robin Lakoff, professor emerita at the University of California, Berkeley, whose 1975 book, "Language and Woman's Place," helped create the field of gender linguistics. "Often, after a word or phrase gets a lot of use, people simply stop using it — because we like to sound original and this one seems tired."

美國語言學家羅賓.拉科夫說:「字詞各有盛行的年代,尤其是口語用詞。通常人們把一個字或詞用過許多次後,就不會再使用,因為我們喜歡原創詞語,原本這個顯得太老套了。」拉科夫是柏克萊加州大學名譽教授,她1975年出版的著作「語言和女性地位」,開闢了性別語言學這個新領域。

Which is not to say it is entirely verboten — or that metaphorical ceilings are not actually being shattered. Sen. Kirsten Gillibrand tweeted the term this month as part of a pledge for gender parity in national security, while Marianne Williamson notes on her campaign website that the "proverbial glass ceiling" is one of the things holding women back.

這不表示「玻璃天花板」一詞完全禁用,也不表示這個比喻性質的天花板其實沒有在被打破。紐約州聯邦參議員陸天娜7月在推特上用了這個詞,承諾選上總統後會在國家安全事務上做到性別平等,作家瑪麗安.威廉森在她自己競選總統的網站上寫道,「眾所周知的玻璃天花板」是阻礙女人發展的因素之一。

Aside from the record-breaking number of female candidates for president — along with those serving in Congress — there are more women CEOs in the Fortune 500 than ever before (though, of course, that number is still just 33), and a recent study published in the journal American Psychologist found that a majority of Americans believe women are just as competent as men — if not more.

除了女性總統參選人和國會議員人數創新高之外,在美國「財富」雜誌每年評選的全球500大公司中,女性執行長的人數也創新高(雖然,可想見的,還是只有33名),而且,最近發表在「美國心理學家」期刊的一篇研究報告顯示,大多數美國人認為,女人即便不比男人更能幹,至少也跟男人一樣。

"It's a pretty dramatic shift," said Alice Eagly, a social psychologist at Northwestern University who led the work, analyzing public perceptions over 70 years.

這份報告分析了大眾70餘年來的看法,第一作者、美國西北大學社會心理學家愛麗絲.伊格利說:「這真的是相當重大的轉變」。

說文解字看新聞

玻璃天花板(glass ceiling)是比喻說法,是對職場上女性、少數族群和非主流團體設置升遷上限,不易察覺,也未獲公開承認。

類似說法是「大理石天花板」(marble ceiling),強調對女性的歧視非常深,比玻璃難打破。2007年1月3日,加州民主黨籍聯邦眾議員波洛西當選眾院議長,成為美國首位女性議長,她在演講時說:For our daughters and granddaughters, today, we have broken the marble ceiling.「彩繪玻璃天花板」(stained glass ceiling)則指宗教團體中女性不易升到領導職位。

體現性別平等(gender parity),就不會有玻璃天花板。parity是指在數量、狀態或品質上平等。相反字是disparity(不平等),如貧富差距(wealth disparity)、城鄉差距(rural-urban disparity)。imparity也是不平等,但較罕用。

 
Lang Lang Is Back: A Piano Superstar Grows Up 郎朗再出發 天王鋼琴家長大了
文/Michael Cooper
譯/莊蕙嘉

郎朗再出發 鋼琴明星長大了

It was late one afternoon this spring, and Madison Square Garden's 19,000 seats were empty as Billy Joel and Lang Lang began jamming onstage.

今春某日傍晚,當比利喬和郎朗在台上開始即興表演時,麥迪遜花園廣場的1萬9000個座位是空的。

Pop's piano man had invited the superstar classical pianist to make a guest appearance at his sold-out April show at the Garden, and they were rehearsing a duet of Joel's "Root Beer Rag" during the soundcheck, taking it from fast to blisteringly fast.

流行樂界的鋼琴人(比利喬的自稱)邀請古典樂界的天王鋼琴家,在他4月於花園廣場已完售的演唱會中擔任嘉賓,他們在音效檢查時,以雙人合奏排練比利喬的「自由歡呼」,從快速變到極快速。

Then they started goofing around. Suddenly they were trading riffs from Beethoven's "Emperor" Concerto. They teamed up on some Bach. Finally, with Joel's band looking on in surprise, the two launched into the thunderous opening of Tchaikovsky's Piano Concerto No. 1.

接著兩人開始即興表演,突然間以貝多芬的「皇帝」鋼琴協奏曲你來我往。他們合作彈了些巴哈。最後,當比利喬的樂隊吃驚地注視時,兩人已彈起柴可夫斯基第一號鋼琴協奏曲氣勢磅礡的開頭。

It was as good a sign as any that Lang — the world's most famous, and bankable, concert pianist — still has his chops, after a career-threatening injury to his left arm in 2017 sidelined him for more than a year.

這是個絕佳的徵兆,證明郎朗這位世上最知名、最有票房的鋼琴家,在2017年因左手危及職涯的傷勢暫停演出一年多後,功力仍在。

After rebuilding his strength and technique, he is returning in earnest this fall. He is again appearing with the world's leading orchestras. He is again promoting a new album — his first in several years — as few other classical musicians can, with appearances on "The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon" and "Good Morning America."

在重建力量與技巧後,郎朗今秋將積極復出。再一次,他將和世界頂尖交響樂園同台。再一次,他正以少有古典音樂家辦得到的方式,為幾年來首張新專輯做宣傳,上了「吉米法倫今夜秀」和「早安美國」節目。

And he is again arousing the suspicion, if not outright hostility, of the classical field by applying lessons from the pop world to his career, trying to navigate a delicate balance between popularization and artistic integrity.

而且,又一次,他激起了古典音樂圈的懷疑,甚至是明白的敵視,因為他把從流行音樂界學到的功課應用到自己的職涯,在大眾化和藝術性之間尋求微妙的平衡。

But he insists he is not the same man, or musician. Lang — who long maintained that his greatest fear was an injury that would leave him unable to play the piano, and therefore, as he once put it, "render me useless for life" — spent his forced sabbatical taking stock.

而郎朗堅稱自己已非過去那個人或那個音樂家。他一向表明最害怕的就是受傷無法再彈琴,以致如同他說過的,「讓我終生變成廢人」,因傷被迫休息的這段期間,他做了省思和評估。

"I used the time," Lang said in an interview, "to rethink everything I do."

郎朗在一次受訪時說:「我利用這段時間重新思考我做的每件事。」

His health crisis hit at a pivotal moment. Lang, who recently turned 37, is at an age when he must navigate the next leg of the journey from wunderkind to mature — even veteran — artist. Such transitions are not easy, noted conductor and pianist Daniel Barenboim, a mentor of Lang's and a former child prodigy himself.

他的健康危機在關鍵時刻來襲。剛滿37歲的郎朗正處於必須探索人生下一階段的年紀,要從神童變為成熟,甚至資深的藝術家。郎朗的恩師、指揮家兼鋼琴家丹尼爾.巴倫波因指出,這樣的轉型並不容易。他也曾是音樂神童。

"Either the child goes and the prodigy remains," Barenboim said, "or the prodigy goes and the child remains."

「不是童不再,神依然;就是神不再,童依然。」巴倫波因說。

That Lang has taken the first course is evident to conductor Franz Welser-Möst, music director of the Cleveland Orchestra, who has known the pianist since Lang was a teenager.

對於克里夫蘭交響樂團音樂總監、指揮家法蘭茲.魏瑟-莫斯特而言,郎朗顯然選擇了前者。他在郎朗還是青少年時就已認識他。

"We all go through phases, and I think there was a time when success sort of started to have a negative influence on him," Welser-Möst said. "Then he was out of the business for health reasons for quite some time, which was a shock for him.

「我們都會走過各個階段,我認為,有段時間功成名就多少開始對他產生了負面影響。」魏瑟-莫斯特說。「然後他因為健康因素離開業界頗長一段時間,對他是個打擊。」

 
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