2019年8月19日 星期一

The Zarf: An Everyday Item You’ve Never Heard Of 咖啡杯托 掌中見奢華


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The Zarf: An Everyday Item You’ve Never Heard Of  咖啡杯托 掌中見奢華
by Nick Kembel


    

  Have you ever heard of a zarf? You’ve __1__ used one before—maybe even this morning! While “zarf” may sound like a kind of futuristic weapon of mass destruction, it is in fact a rather __2__ item in today’s world.
  To understand what a zarf is, we have to go back to 16th-century Turkey. Although coffee was __3__ in Ethiopia, Turkey is where it first became a popular drink. At the time, Turkish men would __4__ in coffeehouses to discuss politics and social issues. The coffee they drank was very strong and came in little porcelain cups with no handles. In order to __5__ the cups without burning their fingers, they placed them in small metal holders called zarfs.
  Zarfs played an important role in Turkish culture. Serving and drinking coffee was full of __6__, much like the Japanese tea ceremony. To serve coffee in a beautiful zarf was a way of showing respect, loyalty, or affection to one’s __7__. That’s why these ornamental holders were often fine works of art. Usually they were made of metal such as silver, gold, copper, or brass, and were often __8__ with engravings or gems. Most of the time, the zarf was more beautiful than the cup.
  While it is highly __9__ that you drink your morning cup of joe out of a traditional Turkish zarf, odds are that you’ve used the modern version. In 1991, Jay Sorensen created a simple cardboard version of the holder, perfect for paper cups of hot __10__ coffee. Most people call it a “java jacket” or “coffee sleeve.” So if you ask for a “zarf” the next time you order a coffee, don’t be surprised if you get a puzzled look instead.
(A) ordinary  (B) lift  (C) guests  (D) rituals  (E) gather
(F) decorated  (G) probably  (H) takeaway  (I) invented  (J) unlikely


zarf n. 金屬杯托
porcelain n. 瓷器(集合名詞,不可數)
tea ceremony  茶道
 ceremony n. 禮儀;儀式
a work of art  一件藝術品
brass n. 黃銅
engraving n. 雕刻;版畫
gem n. 寶石
a cup of joe  一杯咖啡
cardboard a. 硬紙板製的 & n. 硬紙板
java n. 咖啡(美式俚語)

(A) ordinary a. 普通的,平凡的
• The talent show made a few ordinary people overnight sensations.
那個選秀節目讓一些素人一夕成名。

(B) lift vt. 舉起;解除(禁令)&
vi.(身體部位)抬起 & n. 電梯(英式用法)
• John lifted his daughter up to his shoulders.
約翰將女兒舉到肩上。
• The government has been urged to lift restrictions on free trade.
人們呼籲政府要解除自由貿易的禁令。

(C) guest n. 客人,來賓 & vt. 款待 &
vi. 作為來賓出席
• The host found himself in an embarrassing situation when he ran out of food for his guests.
當為賓客準備的食物已經耗盡時,這名主人陷入了尷尬的處境。

(D) ritual n. 儀式
• This ancient ritual is no longer practiced.
已經沒有人執行這種古老的儀式了。

(E) gather vi. 聚集,集合 & vt. 收集 &
n. 衣褶
• Birds often gather in the park in great numbers.
經常有大批鳥群聚集在公園裡。
• We need to gather more information about the situation before reacting.
我們必須先蒐集關於這情況的更多資訊再回應。

(F) decorate vt. 裝飾
be decorated with...  以……裝飾
• All the department stores are decorated with Christmas ornaments during the holiday season.
聖誕假期期間,所有百貨公司都裝飾著聖誕飾品。

(G) probably adv. 很可能;大概
• It will probably take me three weeks to read this 1,000-page novel.
看這本一千頁的小說大概要花上我三個禮拜的時間。

(H) takeaway a. 外帶的(僅置於名詞前作修飾)&
n. 外帶;重點
• That store offers 25% off takeaway pizza every Saturday from 7:00 p.m. to 9:00 p.m.
那間店每週六晚上七點到九點提供外帶披薩七五折。
• The most important takeaway from this study is that people should drink milk in moderation.
這項研究最重要的重點是人們應適量飲用牛奶。

(I) invent vt. 發明,創造
• A group of researchers invented a new type of drug for treating Type II diabetes.
一群研究人員發明了治療第二型糖尿病的新型藥。

(J) unlikely a. 不太可能的
It is unlikely + that 子句  不太可能……
• It is unlikely that Andy will change his mind.
安迪不太可能改變他的心意。

1. You’ve probably used one before—maybe even this morning!
理由
a. 空格前有主詞及現在完成式助動詞 You’ve,而空格後有過去分詞 used(使用),故知空格應置入副詞以修飾 used。
b. 選項中僅有 (G) probably 符合條件,且根據語意,你「很有可能」曾使用過 ── 或許甚至是今早就用過了,可知答案應選 (G)。

2. While “zarf” may sound like a kind of futuristic weapon of mass destruction, it is in fact a rather ordinary item in today’s world.
理由
a. 空格前有不定冠詞 a 及副詞 rather(相當地),而空格後有名詞 item(用品),故知空格應置入形容詞以被 rather 修飾,並修飾 item。
b. 選項中有 (A) ordinary、(H) takeaway 及 (J) unlikely 符合條件,根據語意,雖然「zarf」聽起來可能像某種能造成大型毀滅的未來武器,但實際上,它在現今世界中是個相當「日常的」用品,可知答案應選 (A)。

3. Although coffee was invented in Ethiopia, Turkey is where it first became a popular drink.
理由
a. 空格前有 be 動詞 was,而空格後有介詞 in,故知空格應置入形容詞或分詞。
b. 選項中尚有 (F) decorated、(H) takeaway、(I) invented 及 (J) unlikely 符合條件,根據語意,雖然咖啡是在衣索比亞被「發明」的,但土耳其才是它最先成為受歡迎飲品的地方,可知答案應選 (I)。

4. At the time, Turkish men would gather in coffeehouses to discuss politics and social issues.
理由
a. 空格前有助動詞 would,而空格後有介詞 in,故知空格應置入原形不及物動詞。
b. 選項中有 (B) lift 及 (E) gather 符合條件,根據語意,土耳其男人會「聚在」咖啡廳裡討論政治和社會議題,可知答案應選 (E)。

5. In order to lift the cups without burning their fingers, they placed them in small metal holders called zarfs.
理由
a. 空格前有引導不定詞片語的 to,而空格後有名詞詞組 the cups(杯子),故知空格應置入原形及物動詞。
b. 選項中僅剩 (B) lift 符合條件,置入後表「拿起」這些杯子時不燙傷手指,可知答案應選 (B)。

6. Serving and drinking coffee was full of rituals, much like the Japanese tea ceremony.
理由
a. 空格前有片語 was full of(充滿……),故知空格應置入複數或不可數名詞。
b. 選項中有 (C) guests 及 (D) rituals 符合條件,根據語意,供應和飲用咖啡時充滿了「儀式」,就很像日本茶道,可知答案應選 (D)。

7. To serve coffee in a beautiful zarf was a way of showing respect, loyalty, or affection to one’s guests.
理由
a. 空格前有所有格 one’s,故知空格應置入名詞。
b. 選項中尚有 (C) guests 及 (H) takeaway 符合條件,根據語意,將咖啡放在美麗的杯托中呈上是展現對某人「賓客」尊重、忠誠或感情的一種方法,可知答案應選 (C)。

8. Usually they were made of metal such as silver, gold, copper, or brass, and were often decorated with engravings or gems.
理由
a. 空格前有 be 動詞 were 及副詞 often(往往),而空格後有介詞 with,故知空格應置入形容詞或分詞。
b. 選項中尚有 (F) decorated、(H) takeaway 及 (J) unlikely 符合條件,根據語意,杯托由像是銀、金、紅銅或黃銅等金屬製成,且常會以雕刻或寶石「裝飾」,且 “be decorated with...” 為固定用法,可知答案應選 (F)。

9. While it is highly unlikely that you drink your morning cup of joe out of a traditional Turkish zarf, odds are that you’ve used the modern version.
理由
a. 空格前有虛主詞 it、be 動詞 is 及副詞 highly(極為),而空格後有 that 引導的名詞子句作真主詞,故知空格應置入形容詞以被 highly 修飾並作主詞補語。
b. 選項中尚有 (H) takeaway 及 (J) unlikely 符合條件,根據語意,雖然你極「不可能」是用傳統的土耳其杯托來喝早晨的咖啡,你卻很有可能曾使用現代的版本,且 “It is unlikely + that 子句” 為固定用法,可知答案應選 (J)。

10. In 1991, Jay Sorensen created a simple cardboard version of the holder, perfect for paper cups of hot takeaway coffee.
理由
a. 空格前有形容詞 hot(熱的),而空格後有名詞 coffee(咖啡),故知空格應置入形容詞以修飾 coffee。
b. 選項中僅剩 (H) takeaway 符合條件,置入後表用紙杯裝的「外帶」熱咖啡,可知答案應選 (H)。

1. play an important role / part in...
在……之中扮演重要的角色
• Teamwork plays an important role in achieving success.
團隊合作在獲致成功上扮演了重要的角色。

2. be made of...  由……(材料)製成
• My grandfather’s little house in the country is made of wood.
我爺爺的鄉下小屋是木造的。

3. (the) odds are + that 子句  很有可能……
= (the) chances are + that 子句
= it is likely + that 子句
• If you do well in school, (the) odds are that you’ll get into a good college.
如果你在校成績良好,就有可能進入好大學。

1. futuristic a. 未來感的
• Joanna is renowned for her futuristic fashion designs.
喬安娜以充滿未來感的時裝設計著稱。

2. destruction n. 破壞
• The destruction of the forests will have serious ecological consequences.
森林的破壞將會造成生態上的嚴重後果。

3. politics n. 政治
• Joe got involved in politics because he wanted to make a difference.
阿喬從政的原因是他想要帶來新氣象。

4. issue n. 議題
• I’d like to hear your opinions regarding this issue.
我想聽聽你對於這個議題的意見。

5. loyalty n. 忠誠,忠心
• It is an insult to me that you are suspicious of my loyalty to my company.
你懷疑我對公司的忠誠,這對我是一種侮辱。

6. affection n. 感情,情愛
• The poet shows a lot of affection for his beloved wife in the poem.
那位詩人在詩中顯露出他對愛妻的濃濃愛意。

7. ornamental a. 作為裝飾用的
• This ornamental fish was introduced to Taiwan 20 years ago.
這種觀賞魚在二十年前被引進臺灣。

8. version n. 版本
• Your story does not correspond with another witness’s version.
你的說詞與另一名目擊者的版本不相符。

9. sleeve n. 袖子
• David rolled his sleeves up above his elbows and started to work.
大衛將袖子捲到手肘上並開始工作。

10. puzzled a. 困惑的,迷惑的
be puzzled about...  對……感到困惑
• Christine was puzzled about what to do next since she wasn’t given clear instructions.
由於沒有收到明確指示,克莉絲汀不清楚下一步該做什麼。

咖啡杯托 掌中見奢華
  

  你聽過杯托(zarf)嗎?你很有可能曾使用過 ── 或許甚至是今早就用過了!雖然「zarf」聽起來可能像某種能造成大型毀滅的未來武器,但實際上,它在現今世界中是個相當日常的用品。
  想要了解杯托是什麼,我們必須回到十六世紀的土耳其。雖然咖啡是在衣索比亞被發明的,但土耳其才是它最先成為受歡迎飲品的地方。當時,土耳其男人會聚在咖啡廳裡討論政治和社會議題。他們喝的咖啡非常濃,且是裝在一種沒有把手的小瓷杯裡。為了要在拿起這些杯子時不燙傷手指,他們將杯子放在被稱為杯托的小金屬支架上。
  杯托在土耳其文化中扮演了重要角色。供應和飲用咖啡時充滿了儀式,就很像日本茶道。將咖啡放在美麗的杯托中呈上是展現對某人賓客尊重、忠誠或感情的一種方法。那也是為什麼這些裝飾性的杯托往往都是精緻的藝術品。通常它們由像是銀、金、紅銅或黃銅等金屬製成,且常會以雕刻或寶石裝飾。大多數時候,杯托都比杯子本身還漂亮。
  雖然你極不可能是用傳統的土耳其杯托來喝早晨的咖啡,你卻很有可能曾使用現代的版本。1991 年,傑.索瑞森創造了簡單的紙杯套,完美適用於用紙杯裝的外帶熱咖啡。大多數人稱它「java jacket(咖啡外衣)」或「coffee sleeve(咖啡袖套)」。所以,若你下次點咖啡時跟店家要一個「zarf」,別因為你只得到一個困惑的表情回應而感到驚訝。
答案: 
1. G 2. A 3. I 4. E 5. B 6. D 7. C 8. F 9. J 10. H

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