2016年11月17日 星期四

‘Africa Rising’? ‘Africa Reeling’ May Be More Fitting Now非洲「正在崛起」? 不如說「步履蹣跚」


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2016/11/18 第148期 訂閱/退訂看歷史報份
 
 
紐時周報精選 'Africa Rising'? 'Africa Reeling' May Be More Fitting Now非洲「正在崛起」? 不如說「步履蹣跚」
Celebrating Seamus Heaney's Legacy, at His Birthplace英國藝文預算都大砍 卻花上億造「希尼的家」
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'Africa Rising'? 'Africa Reeling' May Be More Fitting Now非洲「正在崛起」? 不如說「步履蹣跚」
文/張佑生
Africa Rising'? 'Africa Reeling' May Be More Fitting Now

For decades Africa was eager for a new narrative, and in recent years it got a snappy one.

The Economist published a cover story titled "Africa Rising." A Texas business school professor published a book called "Africa Rising." And in 2011, The Wall Street Journal ran a series of articles about economic growth on the continent, and guess what that series was called?

"Africa Rising."

數十年來非洲一直渴盼得到對於它的新描述,而近年,它得到了這麼個朝氣蓬勃的描述。

經濟學人雜誌刊登了一篇封面故事,題為「非洲崛起」。美國德州一位商學院教授寫了本書,名叫「非洲崛起」。2011年,華爾街日報刊出一系列有關非洲大陸經濟成長的文章,猜猜題目是什麼?「非洲崛起」。

The rise seemed obvious: You could simply stroll around Nairobi, Kenya's capital, or many other African capitals, and behold new shopping malls, new hotels, new solar-powered streetlights, sometimes even new Domino's pizzerias, all buoyed by what appeared to be high economic growth rates sweeping the continent.

For so long Africa had been associated with despair and doom, and now the quality of life for many Africans was improving. Hundreds of thousands of Rwandans were getting clean water for the first time. In Kenya, enrollment in public universities more than doubled from 2007 to 2012. In many countries, life expectancy was increasing, infant mortality decreasing.

這崛起似乎顯而易見:只消在肯亞首都奈洛比或非洲許多其他國家的首都閒逛即可,看看新的購物中心、嶄新的飯店、新設的太陽能路燈、有時甚至會看到新開的達美樂披薩店,這些全都拜整個非洲大陸經濟成長快速所賜。

長久以來非洲一直與絕望和厄運畫上等號,如今許多非洲人的生活品質正在提升。數十萬盧安達人首次能取得乾淨的用水。在肯亞,公立大學註冊率從2007到2012年增加了一倍以上。在許多國家,平均餘命增加,嬰兒死亡率下降。

But in recent months, as turmoil has spread across the continent, and the red-hot economic growth has cooled, this optimistic narrative has taken a hit. Some analysts are now questioning how profound the growth actually was.

"Nothing has changed on the governance front, nothing has changed structurally," said Grieve Chelwa, a Zambian economist who is a postdoctoral fellow at Harvard.

"Africa rising was really good for some crackpot dictators," he added. "But in some ways, it was a myth."

不過最近數月,隨著混亂情勢蔓延到整片大陸,以及火熱的經濟成長降了溫,這樂觀的描述受到打擊。一些分析家現在質疑非洲的成長究竟有多深入。

契爾瓦是尚比亞的經濟學家,也是哈佛大學博士後研究員,他說:「在政府治理方面一成不變,在結構上也一成不變。」

他說:「非洲崛起對某些性情古怪的獨裁者來說真的很好,但從某些方面來說卻是個迷思。」

No place exposes the cracks in the "Africa rising" narrative better than Ethiopia, which had been one of the fastest risers.

Ethiopia is now in flames. Hundreds have been killed during protests that have convulsed the country.

It seems the continent as a whole is heading into a tough period. Nigeria, Africa's most populous country, faces its gravest economic crisis in years because of low oil prices. At the same time, it is trying to fight off Boko Haram, one of the most bloodthirsty insurgent groups on the planet.

沒有什麼地方比衣索比亞更能暴露「非洲崛起」說的弱點。它是非洲崛起最快的國家之一。

衣索比亞現在情勢失控,數百人在使國家癱瘓的抗議潮中被殺害。

看來非洲大陸整體而言正步入艱困時期。非洲人口最多的奈及利亞因為油價低,面臨近年最大的經濟危機,同時奈及利亞也力圖擊敗「博科聖地」,這是地球上最嗜殺的游擊組織之一。

South Africa, the continent's most developed nation, has been wracked by waves of unrest. Troops with assault rifles stomp around college campuses, trying to quell student protests. The country's currency, the rand, hovers near a record low.

South Sudan, which topped The Economist's list in 2013 of the world's fastest-growing economies, is now a killing field, the site of one of Africa's worst civil wars.

非洲最發達的國家南非則遭幾波騷動破壞,配備攻擊步槍的部隊踐踏校園,試圖壓制學生抗議。南非幣蘭德的幣值則在歷史低點附近盤桓。

南蘇丹曾是經濟學人2013年「世界成長最快經濟體」排行榜的榜首,現在卻成了殺戮戰場,上演著非洲最慘烈的內戰之一。

說文解字看新聞

文/Jeffrey Gettleman、譯/李京倫

本文標題中的rising和reeling押頭韻(alliteration),前者是向上提升,後者是遭重擊後,步伐跌跌撞撞,狼狽困惑。過去三個月義大利中部四度遭逢強震,人心惶惶,BBC(英國廣播公司)的標題便是:Italy reels after fourth quake in months.

主題是非洲大陸,帶有步伐意象的動詞值得留意。Stroll是漫步,可當名詞用。英國小說家E. M.佛斯特在《此情可問天》(Howards End)中寫道:Then they took a friendly stroll in the garden.

Stomp是跺腳,部隊持攻擊步槍stomp around校園可解為「鐵蹄蹂躪」。Stomping ground指常去的場所,為美語用法,英語用stamping ground。例:It was my old stamping ground.

Convulse原指痙攣或全身劇烈晃動,不聽使喚:convulsed with/by laughter (笑得前俯後仰)。

新聞英文用來描述「造成大麻煩或嚴重傷害」:Ethnic killings that have convulsed the region in recent weeks.浪漫主義詩人雪萊悼念濟慈英年早逝的的長詩〈阿多霓〉(Adonais):fear and grief convulse us and consume us day by day.憂能傷身,讓人神銷骨朽。

 
Celebrating Seamus Heaney's Legacy, at His Birthplace英國藝文預算都大砍 卻花上億造「希尼的家」
文/Roslyn Sulcas
譯/田思怡

"No such thing as innocent bystanding," actress Fiona Shaw said, staring fiercely at a group of people on a chilly, heavily misted morning in a farmer's field here, filled with the sounds of lowing cattle and bird calls. The Irish-born Shaw was standing on top of a hay-filled trough, reading from Seamus Heaney's "Mycenae Lookout," and those words — which Heaney may have meant to refer to Ireland, as much as to Aeschylus' "Oresteia" — took on a surprising, uneasy resonance when spoken out loud.

Shaw's performance was one of the many events celebrating the recent opening of Seamus Heaney HomePlace, a 21,000-square-foot arts center in Bellaghy, birthplace of the Nobel Prize-winning poet, who died in 2013. Thawing out over coffee after the reading, she reflected on the experience. "Heaney is so good at the spoken word, he speaks from himself, yet the words escape him and become relevant to all," she said. "That's what a great poet is."

一個冷颼颼、起大霧的早上,在此間一塊充滿著牛鳴鳥叫的農地裡,女演員費歐娜•蕭用力瞪著一群人說:「沒有無辜的旁觀這種事。」在愛爾蘭出生的蕭站在堆滿乾草的槽上,朗誦謝默斯•希尼的「邁錫尼的前景」,而這些字句--表面上指的是(希臘悲劇作家)埃斯庫羅斯的「奧瑞斯提亞」,希尼也許指的是愛爾蘭--在大聲朗讀時,呈現令人吃驚、不安的迴聲。

蕭的演出是慶祝「謝默斯•希尼的家」新近啟用的諸多活動之一,這是個占地2萬1000平方英尺的藝文中心,位於這位2013年去世的諾貝爾文學獎詩人的出生地貝拉希。朗讀後喝咖啡驅寒,蕭省思這個經驗。她說:「希尼非常擅長於口語,他說出發自內心的話,但這些字句脫離了他,變成與所有的人都有關,偉大的詩人就是如此。」

At a time of deep cuts to arts budgets all over Britain, the gleaming new HomePlace, which cost 4.2 million pounds, or about $5.2 million to build, is testament to the love for Heaney and his work in this part of the world, as well as a desire to bring visitors to this quiet, rural area between Belfast and Derry. The opening weekend's talks, poetry readings, concerts and a dramatized version of Heaney's "Beowulf" were packed with locals and visitors.

"We think this is the most culturally significant project in Northern Ireland for a long time," said Anthony Tohill, chief executive of the Mid-Ulster District Council, which financed the project and has agreed to meet the center's annual running costs of 500,000 pounds. (An 7 pound admission will cover only a small portion of the costs, Tohill said.)

在全英國的藝文預算都被大砍的時期,花費420萬英鎊(1億6885萬台幣),約合520萬美元,建造閃亮亮嶄新的「希尼的家」,足見世界這個角落深愛著希尼和他的作品,也很想吸引訪客來到這個位於貝爾法斯特和德里之間的寧靜鄉間。揭幕周末的座談、詩歌朗誦、音樂會和希尼的「貝奧武夫」的戲劇版,現場都擠滿當地民眾和外來訪客。

中阿爾斯特區議會總幹事安東尼•托希爾說:「我們認為這是北愛爾蘭長久以來最具有文化意義的計畫。」區議會資助這項計畫,並已同意提供藝文中心每年營運所需的50萬英鎊。(托希爾說,7英鎊的門票只能支應營運成本的一小部分。)

"It was a big commitment for us, but the reaction we got from local ratepayers was so overwhelmingly positive," he said. "People are so proud of Seamus Heaney and delighted that something was being done to keep his legacy alive."

他說:「這是我們的重大承諾,但我們從地方稅納稅人獲得的迴響幾乎是完全贊同。人們非常以謝默斯.希尼為榮,樂於看到為延續他的遺產所做的事。」

 
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