2016年9月22日 星期四

Despite Risks, Heroes Rise Amid Terror/同一種痛苦一再重演 但總有英雄誕生其中


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讀紐時學英文
2016/09/23 第142期 訂閱/退訂看歷史報份
 
 
紐時周報精選 Despite Risks, Heroes Rise Amid Terror/同一種痛苦一再重演 但總有英雄誕生其中
2 Towns in Tuscany Ponder a Big Question: Will You Merge With Me? /托斯卡尼 兩小鎮考慮合併
紐時周報精選
 
Despite Risks, Heroes Rise Amid Terror/同一種痛苦一再重演 但總有英雄誕生其中
文/ALISSA J. RUBIN
譯/王麗娟

不怕危險 英雄在恐攻中誕生

Terrorist attacks in France come often enough that they can seem to be variations on a painful pattern: carnage followed by disbelief, then condemnations, condolences, and shrines of flowers, candles and letters for the dead.

Yet to see the attacks only that way is to miss the one element that might buoy the national spirit: In nearly every terrorist episode here, ordinary individuals risked their own safety to try to halt the attack or to lend a hand to the wounded rather than running away.

法國的恐怖攻擊真多,彷佛同一痛苦模式以不同樣貌出現:一場屠殺和其後人們的無法置信,緊接著是譴責,哀悼,和以鮮花、蠟燭、寫給死者的信完成的靈堂。

然而,只以這種方式看待這些攻擊,就忽略了能讓國人士氣一振的一項元素:幾乎此間發生的每一恐怖事件,都有尋常百姓甘冒性命危險,試圖阻止攻擊或對傷者伸出援手,而不是逃之夭夭。

"What I saw was horrible, people crushed — it had to be stopped," said a 48-year old man named Franck who would not give his surname even after he was decorated by the city of Nice for his effort to stop the driver of a cargo truck that ran over scores of people July 14 at a Bastille Day celebration.

A worker at the Nice airport, Franck, who was on a motor scooter, decided in a split second to chase the truck and, when he caught up, rammed it — to no avail — and was knocked off. He got up and ran after the truck, managed to climb onto the running boards and began hitting the driver through the open window. As the driver, Mohamed Lahouaiej Bouhlel, tried to shoot Franck, his gun failed and, at the same time, Franck tried to open the door of the truck, then tried climbing through the window, but the driver struck him on the head with the gun and he fell, breaking a rib and badly bruising his back.

法國尼斯7月14日國慶日慶祝活動期間,發生一男子駕卡車輾過數十人事件,名叫法蘭克的48歲男子因力圖阻止這名司機而獲尼斯市頒發獎章。他說:「我看到的是一個恐怖景象,人們被車子輾過。一定要阻止才行。」但即使在獲頒獎章後他仍不願透露姓氏。

法蘭克是尼斯機場工人,當時騎著一輛速克達,剎那間他決定追車,追上時猛力撞上去,可惜無濟於事,自己還摔下車來。他站起身,追著卡車跑,設法登上車側腳踏板,從敞開的車窗毆打司機。司機穆罕默德.拉胡艾吉.布勒爾試圖槍殺法蘭克,同一時間,法蘭克也嘗試打開卡車門,後來又想爬進車窗,但司機拿槍敲他的頭,他再度摔落,一根肋骨斷裂,背部擦傷嚴重。

Franck said he was satisfied that when the driver was fighting with him, he was not running over more people. "He was concentrating on me; in that moment he could not kill people," he said.

At least two other men made similar, if less prolonged, efforts and also received medals from the city: Alexander Migues, pursued the truck on a bicycle, and Gwenael Leriche, a 26-year-old delivery man, ran after the truck armed with nothing but a penknife and tried to jump onto the running boards as the truck came to a halt.

They were not unique. Almost every attack or attempted attack in France since the assault on the satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo on Jan. 7, 2015, produced local heroes.

法蘭克說,他最滿意的,是司機和他打鬥時無法衝撞更多人。他說:「他專心對付我,那一刻,他無法再殺人。」

至少還有兩人做了類似的事,即使時間沒那麼長,這兩人也獲該市授予獎章。亞歷山德.米格騎著腳踏車追逐卡車,26歲的送貨員奎尼爾.勒里施追著卡車跑,手上除了一把小摺刀什麼也沒有,卡車停車時還試圖跳上腳踏板。

英雄不只限於他們幾個。自從諷刺雜誌查理周刊2015年1月7日遭受攻擊後,法國幾乎每次恐攻或是恐攻未遂,都有當地英雄出現。

 
2 Towns in Tuscany Ponder a Big Question: Will You Merge With Me? /托斯卡尼 兩小鎮考慮合併
文/Gaia Pianigiani
譯/田思怡

Two small towns in southeastern Tuscany, one famous for red wine, the other for truffles and organic grain, are considering a municipal marriage of convenience that could blur their cherished identities, separately formed over the centuries.

With a population of just 853, San Giovanni d'Asso can no longer deliver basic services to its citizens on a daily basis. Left with only three town officials to do the work, something as simple as getting an identity card drawn up and stamped requires making an appointment days in advance.

托斯卡尼東南部兩個小城,一個以紅酒聞名,另一個以松露和有機穀物著稱,兩城正在考慮基於互利而合併,可能使他們數世紀來各自形成且珍惜的認同意識變得模糊。

聖喬凡尼達索人口只有853人,無力再為鎮民提供日常的基本服務。鎮上只剩下3名官員在工作,像核發身分證並蓋好戳記這樣簡單的事,也需幾天前預約。

So the town's mayor, Fabio Braconi, picked up the phone back in 2014 and sought help from a neighbor, Montalcino, 10 miles to the south across rolling wheat fields.

Home to the famous Brunello red wine, Montalcino is more prosperous and considerably larger. But as its population of 5,070 declines, it is also likely to encounter trouble delivering municipal services.

因此,鎮長法比歐.布拉柯尼在2014年時拿起電話,向位在南邊10英里的鄰城蒙達奇諾鎮求助,兩城間隔了起伏的麥田。

蒙達奇諾鎮出產著名的布雷諾紅酒,比較繁榮,也大得多。但隨著鎮上的5070人口不斷下滑,也很可能碰上無法為鎮民提供服務的難題。

So San Giovanni d'Asso and Montalcino are considering an option for both to disappear legally by merging into one brand-new town.

It is a choice that towns across the country are facing. For years, Italy, made up of 8,000 tiny, medium and large towns, has been pushing its smallest communities to join forces.

因此,聖喬凡尼達索和蒙塔奇諾正考慮一個選項,兩城都合法消失,合併成一個嶄新的城市。

這是全國城鎮都面臨的選擇。多年來,由8000個小中大型城鎮組成的義大利一直在推動讓最小的一些社區合併。

To curb expenses, towns with fewer than 5,000 inhabitants have been required for years to share services with neighboring communities or to merge into one larger town, and they are limited in hiring new employees until they combine. To further encourage towns to merge or share services, the government of Prime Minister Matteo Renzi passed legislation in 2014 offering economic incentives and simplified hiring procedures for towns that do so.

為了節省開支,居民不到5000的城鎮多年來都被要求與鄰近的社區共享服務,或合併成較大的城鎮,而且在合併之前雇用新員工受到限制。

馬蒂歐.倫齊總理的政府為了進一步鼓勵城鎮合併或共享服務,於2014年立法提供經濟獎勵,並為照做的城鎮簡化雇用程序。

While such mergers hold the prospect of improved services, many communities also see them as a loss of local identity, a sentiment that is crucial to many Italians — especially in rural Tuscany, where the landscape sometimes still resembles that of the Middle Ages.

San Giovanni d'Asso had tried before to share a police force and public transportation with partner villages. When those arrangements lost their appeal for their partners and ended in 2014, the town found itself isolated, Braconi said, with a declining population and fewer municipal employees.

"We need to build the future here, or even our children will leave us," said Braconi, who has a daughter in her 20s. "We can't keep staring at our past."

雖然這樣的合併可望改進服務,但許多社區也認為會喪失地方認同感,這是許多義大利人十分看重的感情,特別是在托斯卡尼鄉間,當地的風景有時仍與中世紀相似。

聖喬凡尼達索過去曾嘗試與一些夥伴村莊共用警力和大眾運輸。巴拉柯尼說,當這些安排在2014年因為夥伴失去興趣而畫下句點,這個城鎮人口下滑,鎮公所人員更少,發覺自己很孤立。

巴拉柯尼說:「我們必須在這裡打造未來,否則連我們的子女都會離開我們。我們不能一直盯著過去。」他有個20來歲的女兒。

說文解字看新聞 文/田思怡

義大利人非常重視傳統,去到義大利彷彿走入中世紀,不論大城小鎮,景觀仍和中世紀差不多(The landscape still resembles that of the Middle Ages.)

位在義大利中部的托斯卡尼地區(Tuscany,義大利文為Toscana,因此也譯為托斯卡納),更是義大利文藝復興的發源地(the birthplace of the Italian Renaissance),首府佛羅倫斯(Florence)是文藝復興重鎮,歷史文化和藝術之豐富不在話下。

托斯卡尼的鄉間風景(rural landscapes)也舉世聞名,不僅有本文提到的「起伏的麥田」(rolling wheat fields),也有起伏的山丘(rolling hills),一點都不單調。

托斯卡尼盛產葡萄酒,最有名的是奇揚地葡萄酒(Chianti wine),本文提到的蒙達奇諾布雷諾紅酒(Brunello di Montalcino)也很出名。

因此,文化和物產豐富的托斯卡尼有很深的語言文化認同意識(has a strong linguistic and cultural identity),被視為「國中之國」(a nation within a nation),在地域認同感如此強烈的地區,小城想合併又怕喪失地方認同意識(local identity),也就不足為奇了。

 
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