譯/莊蕙嘉、核稿/樂慧生
用血淚鑄史 法國建恐攻博物館
No other country in Western Europe has suffered as much from terrorism as France over the past decade. With more than 50 attacks that have killed nearly 300 people , the nation has borne the brunt of some of the worst attacks in Europe.
這10年來，沒有一個西歐國家像法國這般飽受恐怖活動傷害。50多起攻擊奪走近300條人命，這個國家承受了歐洲一些最慘烈的恐怖攻擊。
Now, France plans to memorialize this collective suffering with a new museum that will trace the development of terrorism over the ages, including the attacks on the offices of the satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo and the Bataclan concert hall in Paris that have deeply shaken the country in recent years.
現在，法國計畫以一座新博物館記念這段集體傷痛，追溯恐怖主義多年來的發展，包括近年巴黎諷刺雜誌「查理周刊」辦公室以及巴塔克蘭劇院遭受攻擊等深深撼動全國的事例。
The move is a bold one given that the country is still grappling with the trauma of these attacks, with victims whose physical and psychological wounds are still raw.
有鑑於這個國家仍在和這些攻擊造成的創傷搏鬥，受害者身心的傷口都還在淌血，此舉不可不謂大膽。
In addition to the death toll, nearly 1,000 people have been wounded in attacks since 2012.
在死者之外，自2012年以來有近千人在攻擊中受傷。
But the planners of the project say the museum is needed to help the people of France to confront and understand a scourge that they will be living with for some time.
然而此案的規畫者說，法國民眾需要這座博物館來幫助他們面對及了解這個禍害，他們仍須與這禍害共處好一段時日。
"The very fact that we are creating a memorial museum while the phenomenon of terrorism has no chance of vanishing in the years to come is a way of showing our capacity to take a step back," Henry Rousso, a French historian who is overseeing the project, said in an interview.
「我們在恐怖主義現象未來幾年不可能消失的狀況下打造一座紀念博物館，這個事實本身就是展現我們有能力停下來思考的一種方式。」監督此案的法國歷史學家亨利．胡索受訪時這麼說。
"It is a form of resistance through culture, knowledge, intelligence and the transmission of experiences," said Rousso, who also helped create the Caen Memorial Museum, which marks the Normandy landings of World War II, and the Shoah Memorial in Paris, commemorating victims of the Holocaust.
胡索說：「這是透過文化、知識、智慧和經驗傳承來表現的一種反抗形式。」他曾協助打造記錄二次世界大戰諾曼第登陸的康城紀念博物館，以及紀念納粹大屠殺受害者的巴黎猶太人大屠殺紀念館。
President Emmanuel Macron of France pledged in September 2018 to create a memorial museum to place the victims of terrorist attacks "at the heart of our memories." The new museum is expected to be inaugurated in the Paris area by 2027 and will aim to show how France and other terrorism-affected countries have reacted to attacks over the past 50 years, with a particular emphasis on the resilience of their people.
法國總統馬克宏於2018年9月誓言打造一座紀念博物館，把恐攻受害者「放在我們記憶的深處」。這座新博物館預計於2027年之前在巴黎地區落成啟用，將著眼於展現法國和其他受恐怖主義影響的國家50年來如何因應恐攻，特別強調國民的堅韌。
Rousso said the perpetrators of the attacks would also be featured in the museum. Responding to questions he has faced about whether the museum would unintentionally glorify them, he said it was important to represent them as well.
胡索說，恐攻的犯案人也是博物館的展示重點。他曾遭受博物館是否會在無意間頌揚了犯人的質疑，對此他回應道，呈現這些人也很重要。
"It is a history museum," he said. "When we do one on Nazism, we have to mention Himmler and Hitler."
「這是座歷史博物館。」他說，「如果我們設置一座納粹博物館，也非提到希姆萊和希特勒不可。」
"Terrorism, whether we like it or not, is part of our societies," Rousso said. "Creating a museum is not a way to put the issue behind us. It is a way to make people understand it."
「無論我們喜歡恐怖主義與否，它就是社會的一部分。」胡索說，「設置一座博物館並非把議題拋諸腦後的一種方式，這是讓人們了解它的一種方式。」
